Unit 1: Basics of Computer
Definition and characteristics of computer
Generations of computers
Types of computers (Analog, Digital, Hybrid)
Components of computer system
Input and Output devices
Memory types (Primary, Secondary, Cache)
Unit 2: Computer Hardware
CPU (ALU, CU, Registers)
Storage devices (HDD, SSD, Pen drive, CD/DVD)
Peripheral devices (Printer, Scanner, Monitor)
Ports and connectors
Motherboard and internal components
Unit 3: Computer Software
Types of software (System, Application, Utility)
Operating System (Functions and Types)
Examples: Windows, Linux, macOS
Language processors (Compiler, Interpreter, Assembler)
Unit 4: Operating System Concepts
Functions of OS
Process and memory management
File system basics
Booting process
Device management
Unit 5: Data Representation
Number systems (Binary, Decimal, Octal, Hexadecimal)
Conversions between number systems
Data units (Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB, TB)
ASCII and Unicode
Unit 6: Computer Networks
Basics of networking
Types of networks (LAN, MAN, WAN)
Network devices (Router, Switch, Hub, Modem)
Internet basics
IP Address and DNS
Unit 7: Internet & Web Technology
Internet services (WWW, Email, FTP)
Web browsers and search engines
URL, HTTP, HTTPS
Cloud computing basics
E-commerce concepts
Unit 8: Cyber Security & Safety
Types of cyber threats (Virus, Worm, Trojan, Malware)
Antivirus and firewall
Safe internet practices
Digital signatures
Cyber laws in India
Unit 9: MS Office & Productivity Tools
MS Word (Formatting, Tables, Mail merge)
MS Excel (Formulas, Functions, Charts)
MS PowerPoint (Slides, Animations)
Shortcuts and basic operations
Unit 10: Database Concepts
Basics of database
DBMS and RDBMS
Tables, records, fields
Primary key and foreign key
SQL basics
Unit 11: Programming Fundamentals
Basics of programming languages
Types (Low-level, High-level)
Algorithms and flowcharts
Basic concepts (Variables, Loops, Conditions)
Unit 12: Emerging Technologies
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Machine Learning (ML)
Internet of Things (IoT)
Blockchain basics
Big Data
Unit 13: Computer Abbreviations & Terminology
Common abbreviations (CPU, RAM, ROM, URL, HTTP, etc.)
Important full forms
Technical terms used in exams
Unit 14: Computer Shortcut Keys
General keyboard shortcuts
MS Office shortcuts
Windows shortcuts
Unit 15: Miscellaneous Important Topics
History of computers
Important personalities in computer field
Recent developments in IT
Government digital initiatives (Digital India, e-Governance)